Sentence Transformations

Direct Speech (P4)

Basic structure with quotation marks; reporting verbs (said, asked)

Active & Passive Voice (P4)

Recognising active vs passive voice; simple transformations in present and past tense

Conditionals (P4)

Type 0 (universal truths: If you heat ice, it melts) and Type 1 (real future: If it rains, I will stay home)

Direct Speech (P5)

Varied reporting verbs; punctuation accuracy

Reported Speech (P5)

Tense backshift (present → past); pronoun changes; reporting statements and questions

Active & Passive Voice (P5)

Transforming active to passive; subject + be + past participle + by + agent

Conditionals (P5)

Type 0 and Type 1 reinforcement; introducing Type 2 concepts (If I were...)

Inversion of Adverbs (P5)

Inverted structures with "Never", "Rarely", "Seldom", "Hardly" at sentence start

Reported Speech (P6)

Complex transformations; reporting commands/requests; time/place changes; "if"/"whether"

Active & Passive Voice (P6)

Passive in all tenses; passive with modals; when passive is appropriate

Conditionals (P6)

Type 0; Type 1; Type 2 (hypothetical — "If I were..."); Type 3 (past unreal); "unless" = "if...not"

Subjunctive Mood (P6)

"If I were..." in Type 2 conditionals; base form after "lest"; formal/literary subjunctive usage

Inversion of Adverbs (P6)

"No sooner...than", "Not only...but also", "Hardly/Scarcely...when"; emphasis through inversion